风电叶片部件疲劳试验机跟随控制策略研究

针对风电叶片部件疲劳试验过程中实际载荷与期望载荷跟随效果差的问题,提出一种超前自校正与改进线性自抗扰(LADRC)相结合的同步控制策略。该方法通过对实际载荷进行自校正补偿与系统误差以及外部扰动一起输入到改进线性自抗扰控制器,从而实现加载力和频率的有效控制。对疲劳试验机油电液伺服系统控制算法进行仿真分析,并通过搭建现场试验平台对同步控制策略进行有效性验证。仿真及试验结果表明：在较大载荷疲劳试验过程中,该控制策略显著提升系统的快速响应性和抗干扰能力,载荷误差控制在1%以内,相对于传统ADRC控制算法同步误差减小了56.14%,有效实现了风电叶片部件疲劳试验载荷的精确控制。     

Cyclic properties of dense to very dense silica sand

This paper presents results of a series of cyclic laboratory test performed on dense to very dense silica sand. Triaxial and direct simple shear tests were performed on reconstituted sand. The test program aimed to determine the cyclic shear strength and soil deformation properties for foundation design of offshore wind turbine structures on the Dogger Bank site, offshore United Kingdom, but is also applicable for foundation design of other offshore structures and other locations. Two sand batches were used, one with clean silica sand and one with 20% silt content. Normally consolidated specimens from both batches were reconstituted to a target relative density approximately equal to 100% and 80%. On the clean sand with a target relative density of 80%, tests were also performed on specimens with an overconsolidation ratio of OCR = 4. Various contour diagrams, presenting cyclic shear strength and average and cyclic shear strains for different number of cycles, are presented. These diagrams can be used in the front-end engineering design (FEED) stage of commercial design projects on similar soil conditions, to define soil behavior when limited cyclic data is available, or in the planning stage of a cyclic laboratory test program. Effects of precycling and fines content on the cyclic behavior of triaxial and DSS specimens are discussed.     

Particle loss: An initial investigation into size effects and stress-dilatancy

Drained triaxial tests have been performed to explore the effect of particle loss on shearing behaviour and critical states in granular mixtures. The mixtures comprise Leighton Buzzard sand (d₅₀ = 0.8 mm), to which was added 15% by mass of salt particles of different nominal sizes: 0.063 mm, 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm. Shearing behaviours before and after particle loss (by dissolution) were compared. A good fit is observed between the test data and a stress-dilatancy relationship for the post-dissolution tests, highlighting the ability of the stress-dilatancy analysis as a means to interpret the effects of particle loss on shearing. It was noted that critical state strength parameter M is determined by the post-dissolution grading regardless of size of removed particle. However, the duration of contractant volumetric strain increased with the larger removed particles (0.25 mm & 0.5 mm) even when initial specific volumes were virtually identical. It is suggested that a loose volumetric state is reached if the sand particle network is initially disrupted by the amount and/or size of salt particles, which following dissolution results in structural or fabric phenomena that are not reflected in scalar volumetric measures such as specific volume.     

输气站场管道的外腐蚀检测技术

为了确保输气站场管道安全稳定运行,防止站场管道发生腐蚀穿孔,需要对站场管道进行外腐蚀检测,知道站场管道状态做出安全评估。采用PCM检测方法检测管道防腐涂层损坏程度就可间接得到管道的腐蚀情况,从而实现埋地管线的不开挖检测。提出一些检测时需改进的意见。检测之前,要了解清楚站场管道的走向和埋深状况,以及各处配件状况,从而确定检测的管段和信号接入点位置;检测过程中,应尽量关闭埋地电源线的电源;检测完毕之后要对管道防腐涂层破损处进行定位,对于电磁信号波动比较大的地方,应多次测量,排除干扰因素,还可以开挖检测。所以,通过PCM检测防腐涂层来判断站场管道的外腐蚀情况是经济可行的方法。     

深孔焊换热设备的研发制造

本文以低压反应水冷器换热设备为例,针对其特殊结构,从装配顺序、焊接设备及参数选择、检测、试压等方面作了介绍,重点对深孔焊的管头自动旋转氩弧焊进行研发,为有应力腐蚀工况的深孔焊换热设备的制造质量提供了保障。     

高效滤纸测试方法的研究

通过钠焰法、油雾法、DOP法、最易透过粒径法等滤纸测试方法的对比,阐明滤纸测试方法发展的趋势。     

240 ℃内盐岩物理力学特性的实验研究

由于其有利的地质条件及优良的物理力学特性,盐岩被视为是核废料地质处置的理想场所。研究表明,核废料在地下埋置若干年后仍然具有很强的放射性,使得围岩温度升高。因此,为保证核废料地下处置的安全性,研究盐岩在一定温度条件下的物理力学特性十分重要。通过对无水芒硝盐岩试件在20℃～240℃不同温度下的超声波测试、单轴压缩实验、不同角度下的楔形剪切实验以及直接剪切实验研究发现,随温度的升高(1)盐岩试件的超声波速在降低,超声波速与温度的关系为v=3.38e-0.0032T;(2)盐岩的单轴抗压强度及轴向应变均在增大,而变形模量Eq则在降低,盐岩的塑性变形及应变软化的特征更趋于明显,经回归分析,得单轴抗压强度与温度的对数关系曲线sc=4.54ln(T)-3.04;(3)盐岩的粘聚力和内摩擦角均增大,尤其是内摩擦角增幅明显,在20℃,60℃及120℃时的强度曲线分别为t=6.11+stan22.5°,t=7.06+stan27.6°,t=7.09+stan33.9°;(4)盐岩的剪切强度增强,剪切峰值强度与温度呈线性关系tpeak=0.0097T+6.9609。     

泥岩地基中灌注桩竖向承载性状试验研究

泥岩地基中大直径、中长桩的荷载传送机理的研究比较缺乏，根据西宁地区某工程试桩的竖向抗压静载试验和高应变动力检测结果，通过对桩身轴力传递和土阻力发挥性状的分析，揭示了该地区泥岩地基中大直径、中长钻孔灌注桩的承载特性和荷载传递机理，以及影响其承载特性的因素，得出了一些对泥岩地基中钻孔灌注桩的设计、施工和深入研究具有指导意义的结论。     

一例500kV避雷器缺陷数据的分析及思考

在运行电压下测量金属氧化物避雷器的阻性电流,对判断避雷器是否存在受潮或老化等缺陷有重要意义;而普遍存在的"一"字形排列的避雷器,测试阻性电流不可避免地会受到相间干扰的影响。介绍了阻性电流测试原理及测试时相间干扰情况,并结合一组500 kV避雷器缺陷试验数据,指出目前较为普遍使用的抗干扰校正算法所存在的不足,认为:对于MOA初期的缺陷,不建议使用仅采集电流信号的单输入型测试仪器进行测试;对于边单相缺陷引起的初期故障,使用校正算法容易造成结论的误判断,不建议采用此方法;可通过在相同的周围环境下,依据MOA阻性电流测试的增量来判断其性能状态;初次的阻性电流测试可以和停电直流试验一同进行,以监测试品的运行状况。